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Turkey has a well-developed, state-owned railway system built to standard gauge () which falls under the remit of the Ministry of Transport and Communication. The primary rail carrier is the ''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları'' (TCDD) (Turkish State Railways) which is responsible for all long-distance and cross-border freight and passenger trains. A number of other companies operate suburban passenger trains in urban conurbations. Native railway industry extends to the production of locomotives, passenger vehicles and freight wagons; some vehicles are also produced through licensing agreements and cooperation with foreign countries. In the early 21st century, major infrastructural projects were realized; such as the construction of a high-speed railway network as well as a tunnel under the Bosphorus strait which connects Europe and Anatolia by rail for the first time. Turkey is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Turkey is 75. ==History== (詳細はTurkish State Railways : Railway policies throughout the 80 years of our history ) ''www.tcdd.gov.tr''〕 As with other countries, rapid expansion followed; by 1922 over 8000 km of lines had been constructed in the Ottoman Empire.〔In the Ottoman Empire: some parts of lines extending into the middle east would not be incorporated into the Turkish State on its creation〕 At the birth of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, there were 3,660 km of standard gauge lines, of which 1,378 km were state-owned; while the lines owned by foreign investors were eventually nationalized starting from 1927. The railways were considered an essential part of the state by the government of the Republic, and continued to expand with new railway projects - over 3000 km of new tracks were built in Turkey between 1923 and 1940. Railways were constructed serving mines, agriculture, people and ports; at the same time more lines serving eastern Anatolia were built, in their part helping to tie Turkey together as a functioning state.〔 In the years following World War II, the emphasis in transportation shifted to asphalt road and highway construction;〔 it was not until the end of the 20th century that railways returned to favour with major passenger infrastructure projects being initiated,〔(Ministry of Transport and Communications : Ankara-Istanbul high speed train project ) ''www.ubak.gov.tr''〕〔(Ministry of Transport and Communications : Marmaray project ) ''www.ubak.gov.tr''〕 and five thousand kilometres of new lines planned for construction.〔(Ministry of Transport and Communications : Strategic Aims and Targets ) (section "strategy") ''www.ubak.gov.tr''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rail transport in Turkey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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